MacLean, J. It meets at least twice a year to advise the COP on matters of science, technology and methodology. The Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice recommends that the Conference of the Parties adopt a decision along the following lines: The Conference of the Parties, Recalling its decisions IX/20, X/29, XI/18, XII/23, XIII/9, XIII/11, XIII/12 and 14/30 with respect to cooperation and collaboration with relevant. It supports the work of the COP, the CMP and the CMA through the provision of timely information and advice on scientific and technological matters as they relate to the Convention, its Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement. Reducing emissions from deforestation in developing countries: approaches to stimulate action, in Proceedings of the Issues Relating to Indigenous People and Local Communities for the Development and Application of Methodologies (Bonn). Newcastle upon Tyne: SAGE. The body remains open to all Parties to the Convention and is formed from government representatives that are competent in the relevant field of expertise [3]. Note the COP, CMA and CMP are known as the governing bodies. The SBI also considers the biennial work scheme for how the secretariat can best assist the Parties and promote greater climate change action [1]. COP26 saw a significant $1.7bn pledge being, Climate finance remains an unresolved issue following COP26, little ground was made during negotiations on, 0 Comment, https://cop23.unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/bodies/the-big-picture/what-are-governing-process-management-subsidiary-constituted-and-concluded-bodies, https://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/conveng.pdf, https://cop23.unfccc.int/process/bodies/subsidiary-bodies/sbsta, https://unfccc.int/news/cop-bureau-reschedules-unfccc-subsidiary-body-meetings-to-2021, https://cop23.unfccc.int/process/bodies/subsidiary-bodies/sbi, https://newsroom.unfccc.int/process/bodies/subsidiary-bodies/apa, Post COP26 Analysis: A Focus on Science & Innovation, Post COP26 Analysis: A Focus on Indigenous Inclusion, Ad Hoc Group of Article 13 of the UNFCCC (1995 to 1998) [6], Ad Hoc Working Group on Further Commitments for Annex I Parties under the Kyoto Protocol (2005 to 2012), Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action (2007 to 2009) [7], Ad Hoc Working Group on Durban Platform for Enhanced Action (2011 to 2015), Ad Hoc Working Group on Paris Agreement (2015 onwards) [8]. Existing law and policy boundaries can be synthesized toward identifying areas that provide flexibility for the inclusion of blue carbon science into policy. Participatory GIS has proved successful in mapping carbon storage and other ecosystem services in terrestrial data-scarce areas (e.g., Paudyal et al., 2015), and thus, we recommend that this methodology be developed and replicated for mapping and quantifying carbon in coastal habitats. The proposed framework should center on the intersectionality of climate justice with the three key layers essential to implementation of Ocean commitmentsscience, law, and economicswhere traditional and local ecological knowledge is valued on par with western science, law and policy centers on vulnerable communities, and financial mechanisms respect national sovereignty, value local cultures, and support sustainable economic development. Acad. Incorporating blue carbon sequestration benefits into sub-national climate policies. Adoption of final draft decision documents (L documents) wasdeferred until an in-person meeting can be held, unless the Bureau decides otherwise. It advises on guidelines for improving standards of national communications and emission inventories. Kenner, D. (2014). Lincoln University. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (2021). doi: 10.1016/j.ecoser.2018.03.017. Examples of previous subsidiary bodies include: This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Debates centered on fisheries, marine protected areas, ecosystem restoration and scaling solutions. The Paris Agreement, although not creating any new human rights obligations, reminds Parties that existing human rights commitments apply to climate change management strategies (Robinson and Shine, 2018). Matters relating to Article 14 of the Paris, in Proceedings of the Report of the Conference of the Parties Serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement (Katowice). Coutts, G. L., and Urlich, S. (2020). Crooks, S., Herr, D., Tamelander, J., Laffoley, D., and Vandever, J. SBSTTA has met 23 times to date and produced a total of 240 recommendations to the Conference of the Parties, some of which have been endorsed in full by the latter. SB-535, De Len. On its website, the UNFCCC describes the role of SBSTA as being "to provide the COP with advice on scientific, technological and methodological matters . Health technology developers (HTDs) are offered the opportunity, from September 2023 onwards, to . Received: 11 June 2021; Accepted: 14 September 2021; Published: 28 October 2021. Aquat. Brown, M. I., Pearce, T., Leon, J., Sidle, R., and Wilson, R. (2018). Geneva: IPCC. The California Environmental Protection Agency is responsible for identifying disadvantaged communities (California SB 535, California Health Safety Code, 2012) assessed through geographic, socioeconomic, public health, and environmental hazard criteria [California Health Safety Code, 2014, Section 39711(a)-(b)]. (2017). Subsidiary Bodies - ClimaTalk - Climate is Talking The conditions placed on grant proposals acknowledge that many disadvantaged communities cannot afford to live within the coastal zone, but may rely upon it for access to livelihood and recreation. Change 8, 564569. doi: 10.4135/9781526416070.n15, Sangha, K. K., Preece, L., Villarreal-Rosas, J., Kegamba, J. J., Paudyal, K., Warmenhoven, T., et al. (2020). 634, 279286. J. doi: 10.2139/ssrn.3627858. J. Environ. What Was Its Impact on Poor Countries? doi: 10.1038/s41558-018-0189-7, Roulston, K., and Choi, M. (2018). United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (2009). There are two permanent subsidiary bodies; the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA) and the Subsidiary Body for Implementation (SBI) [1]. Such endorsement makes these recommendations de facto decisions of the Conference of the Parties. Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice In 2014 the SBI launched two processes, the international assessment and review process (IAR) and the international consultations and analysis process (ICA) [5]. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoser.2018.01.006, Howard, J., McLeod, E., Thomas, S., Eastwood, E., Fox, M., Wenzel, L., et al. In addition to mobilizing climate-just private financing, developed countries must be held accountable for meeting their obligation to scale up public financing for developing countries' mitigation and adaptation efforts under the Paris Agreement. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1921436117. Climate-just Ocean commitments will be born from three layers: (1) a scientific process co-designed with local stakeholders to achieve ecosystem health and integrate traditional ecological knowledge (TEK); (2) a policy process ripe for the uptake of blue carbon strategies, designed to establish co-management structures, and measured against gent. California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006: Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund. The role of coastal plant communities for climate change mitigation and adaptation. Carbon markets can have adverse impacts on indigenous communities by providing land-and carbon-grabbing opportunities to foreign investors or state governments (Fairhead et al., 2012; Rights Resources Initiative, 2014). The SB meetings were also postponed from June to October 2020. WMO at COP27 | World Meteorological Organization To move climate justice from preamble to practice, we call for a framework to operationalize Ocean commitments: one which values local and indigenous cultures, knowledge, and beliefs, and respects the sovereignty and sustainable development rights of developing nations. Thornton, P. E., Doney, S. C., Lindsay, K., Moore, J. K., Mahowald, N., Randerson, J. T., et al. Choi, E., and Seiger, A. California Coastal Commission (2019). doi: 10.1080/14693062.2019.1635874, Penz, P., Drydyk, J., and Bose, P. S. (2011). A Local Oral History of Environmental Change in Pelorus/Te Hoiere. Over the past several years, Parties to the Paris Agreement have called for the formal recognition of the Ocean-climate nexus in climate agreements and negotiations. Available online at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3799314, Beaumont, N. J., Jones, L., Garbutt, A., Hansom, J. D., and Toberman, M. (2014). The disproportionate impacts of climate change should be addressed in a manner that acknowledges a legacy of colonialism and inequality. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. doi: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2018.03.006, Caetano, T., Winker, H., and Depledge, J. This process identifies reliable opportunities for strengthening resilience, reducing vulnerability, and increasing the understanding and implementation of adaptation actions, as well as investigating high-potential mitigation policies, practices and technologies with significant sustainable development co-benefits that could increase mitigation ambition of pre-2020 climate action [5]. Climate justice extends beyond reflecting common but differentiated responsibilities, primarily through obligations that developed nations fund developing nation commitments (United Nations, 2015). United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (2018). Its roles defined in Article 9 of the UNFCCC are: [1], United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Recommended Round 6 Local Coastal Program Local Assistance Grant Awards. Blue Bonds: Financing Resilience of Coastal Ecosystems: Key Points for Enhancing Finance Action. The SBSTA was established under Article 9 of the UNFCCC, while SBI was established under Article 10 of the UNFCCC, and both bodies report their work to COP [2]. the Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice for its consideration; 14. The 25th meeting of the Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice (SBSTTA) of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) will take place in October 2023. (2021). B. Washington, DC: Verified Carbon Standard. 39, 237261. Online. We outline the foundation necessary to achieve climate-just Ocean commitments under the Paris Agreement by providing a snapshot of the operational inquiries, potential enabling conditions, and preliminary examples leading the way in implementing blue carbon strategies (Table 1). A., Irawan, A., Hernawan, U. E., et al. Subsidiary Body for Implementation - Wikipedia Untapped capacity for resilience in environmental law. To enhance monitoring of the capacity building, the Paris Committee on Capacity-building (PCCB) and the Durban Forum report to the SBI at the sessions of the SBI held in conjunction with sessions of the COP, this information is then disseminated during COP [5]. Policy 44, 390396. Fraser Institute. Creating a Toolkit for Implementing Blue Carbon Projects! To meet the Paris Agreement's human rights aspirations, public and private sector climate-just financing should acknowledge the legacy of colonialismcharacterized by resource extraction, exploitation of local labor, and devaluation of local cultures and indigenous knowledge, followed by high levels of debt owed to former colonizers (Chase, 2019; Dix, 2021)and responsibility for historic GHG emissions. J. The SBSTA was established under Article 9 of the UNFCCC, while SBI was established under Article 10 of the UNFCCC, and both bodies report their work to COP [2]. In this context, as the "official" interface between science and policy of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice (SBSTTA) has come under close scrutiny; and has become subject of discussions on its role in improving the scientific underpinnings of the CBD. The Commonwealth (2018). Can. (2011). doi: 10.1111/j.1475-4959.2005.00173.x, Mcleod, E., Chmura, G. L., Bouillon, S., Salm, R., Bjrk, M., Duarte, C. M., et al. Resilience justice and community-based green and blue infrastructure, in William & Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review, Vol. Lett. Geogr.